Ī noteworthy part of post-accident symptomatology is the phantom brake syndrome. Patients who developed their amaxophobia after a serious traffic accident frequently develop the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may involve experiencing intrusive thoughts or anxious dreams of the original accident and/or other typical PTSD symptoms. On a behavioral level, the avoidance of driving tends to perpetuate the phobia. On the cognitive level, the patient may experience a loss of sense of reality, or thoughts of losing control while driving, even in situations that are reasonably safe. For example, the physical symptoms might involve increased perspiration or tachycardia (pathologically accelerated heart rate), or hyperventilation. The fear of driving is associated with various physical and subjective emotional symptoms that somewhat vary from individual to individual.
Driving anxiety can range from a mild cautious concern to a phobia. The fear of driving may be triggered by specific driving situations, such as expressway driving or dense traffic. It is an intense, persistent fear of participating in car traffic (or in other vehicular transportation) that affects a person's lifestyle, including aspects such as an inability to participate in certain jobs due to the pathological avoidance of driving. School-based prevention programmes emphasise:Ī) The role the media plays in developing extreme body shape idealsĬ) The need for individuals to develop positive rather than negative attitudes to their bodiesĭ) All of the above D Anorexia and bulimia are frequently comorbid with major depression, thus eating disorders have tended to be treated pharmacologically with which of the following?ĭ) Antidepressants B Which of the following is a common treatment for bulimia?ĭ) Humanistic therapy C One of the most common treatments for eating disorders is:ĭ) Aversion therapy D In the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, which of the following is considered to be a risk factor?Ī) Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experiencedī) Undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluationĬ) Denial of the seriousness of the current low body weightĭ) All of the above D A binge-eating episode is associated with which of the following according to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder?ī) Eating until feeling uncomfortably illĬ) Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungryĭ) All of the above D The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) proposes that treatment for managing weight gain for anorexia nervosa should include which of the following?Ī) In most patients, an average weekly weight gain of 0.5-1 kg as inpatient and 0.5 kg as outpatientī) Regular physical monitoring, and oral multivitimin/multimineral supplement in some cases, is recommended for inpatients and outpatients.Ĭ) Total parenteral nutrition should not be used, unless there is significant gastrointestinal dysfunctionĭ) All of the above D Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (specifically fluoxetine) are used to treat bulimia due to their:ĭ) All of the above C The Body Mass Index (BMI) measure indicates that one would be considered overweight with a BMI of:ĭ) 55-69.Driving phobia, driving anxiety, vehophobia, or driving-related fear (DRF) is a pathological fear of driving. C In the 17th century, which of the following terms was used to describe a disorder characterised by large food intake followed by vomiting?ĭ) Nuxcanina B Pick one of the following familial factors that plays a role in the development of eating disorders?ĭ) Parental attitudes to education C Community based twin studies suggest a heritability component of eating disorders which may be greater than:ĭ) 10% A In animal research, lesions to which part of the brain have been shown to cause appetite loss, resulting in a self-starvation syndrome?ĭ) d) Basal ganglia A Biological accounts of anorexia and bulimia suggest that maintaining a low body weight and self-starvation may be reinforced by:ĭ) Dopamine C Research of bulimia nervosa has found low levels of:ĭ) Alpha-amphetamine B Body dissatisfaction is defined by Polivy & Herman (2002) as:Ī) The gap between one's actual weight and that of your best friendī) The gap between one's actual and ideal weight and shapeĬ) The gap between one's actual weight and childhood weightĭ) The number of things you would like to change about your body C Body dissatisfaction is associated with triggering bouts of:ĭ) Shopping B Which of the following is a prominent characteristic of individuals with eating disorders?ĭ) Narcissism A Which of the following characteristics has regularly been implicated in the aetiology of eating disorders?ĭ) Introversion D Prevention programmes are employed to put eating disorders into a social context.
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